Mosca's Inequality Calculator

The classic framework (Dr. Michel Mosca, 2015) for deciding when to start migrating: if the years your data must stay confidential (X) plus the years your migration takes (Y) exceed the years until a quantum computer can break today's crypto (Z), you're already exposed.

Browse the Cryptography Explorer

10 + 4

X + Y

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10

Z

10yr

How many years does this data need to stay confidential?

0yr30yr
4yr

How many years will it realistically take your organization to fully migrate to post-quantum algorithms?

0yr15yr
10yr

A threat estimate, not a certainty: public estimates range from vendor roadmaps targeting about 2029 to expert surveys of 10-20 years. Qypher's scan reports assume the near end (about 4 years), the cautious choice; set your own here.

0yr30yr

Exposure Timeline

TodayConfidentiality window ends (X+Y = 14yr)
Your confidentiality window Estimated quantum threat (Z = 10yr)

You needed to start migrating ~4 years ago.

By the time a cryptographically-relevant quantum computer arrives, data you're protecting today with classical algorithms will still need to be confidential, and an adversary recording your traffic now can decrypt it retroactively the moment that computer exists.

Quantum Threat Timeline

Real, dated milestones informing (not mechanically determining) the Z estimate above. Nobody knows exactly when a cryptographically-relevant quantum computer will exist. Manually reviewed and sourced, not auto-generated.